This type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol away from the vessel walls. High Density Lipoprotein is called “good” or “healthy” cholesterol. There are several types of cholesterol and each is attached to a protein carrier, thus the name “lipo” (fat), protein. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) “Good” Cholesterol Your total-cholesterol-to-HDL ratio can be figured out by dividing your total cholesterol number by your HDL cholesterol number. Studies have established that total blood cholesterol levels may be independently and positively correlated with risk for coronary heart disease. Cholesterol is the type of fat that can clog your arteries causing heart attacks and strokes. A person’s risk (chance) of developing CHD in the next 10 years is calculated based on the cholesterol level as well as other non-cholesterol risk factors.Ī measure of total cholesterol in the blood. The CHD (Coronary Heart Disease) risk calculation is based on a scoring system that grew out of the Framingham Heart Study. It is calculated from the Serum Iron (IRN) and the Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) The Unbound Iron Binding Capacity is a calculated test. It is a simple way to compare the amount of iron in the blood to the capacity of the blood to transport. This calculation is a ratio of serum iron to total iron binding capacity. High levels may indicate hemochromatosis. Low iron levels may indicate iron deficiency anemia, internal bleeding, or other conditions. Iron is essential to the formation and function of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. A low IBC suggests malnutrition or iron excess. IBC measures the blood’s capacity to bind iron with transferrin, a blood protein that carries iron in the blood. (See also Ferritin - must be ordered separately) Any damage to cells will raise the LDH level in the blood. The most common sources of LDH are the heart, liver, muscles, and red blood cells. Slightly elevated levels in the blood are common and usually do not indicate disease. A low eGFR indicates decreased kidney function.Īn enzyme found in all tissues in the body so that a high level in the blood can be the result of many different diseases. This test measures how well your kidneys are filtering your blood. Elevated levels of serum creatinine may indicate kidney disease.Įstimated Glomerular Filtration Rate or eGFR The creatinine test is frequently used to assess kidney function. Diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates may be responsible for low BUN levels.Ī waste product released from muscle tissue and excreted by the kidneys. A variety of kidney diseases can result in an increase in the BUN level. More than 90% of the urea is excreted by the kidneys. Serum sodium levels higher or lower than normal can be caused by various conditions, including diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and adrenal gland.īUN is the primary waste product produced by the liver during the breakdown of proteins. Sodium helps maintain the normal amount of water and the acid-base balance in body fluids. Levels higher or lower than normal can be caused by various conditions, including diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and adrenal gland. Potassium is necessary for the proper function of nerve tissue and in heart and muscle contraction. Abnormal blood phosphorus levels are found in kidney failure, some bone diseases and several other conditions. Blood phosphorus levels fluctuate during the day and are affected by your diet and some antacids. Approximately 85% of the body’s phosphorus is found in bone in a complex with calcium. High values may indicate kidney disorder.Īn element widely distributed throughout the body. A low magnesium level in the blood may indicate severe malnutrition, severe diarrhea, alcoholism, or excessive use of diuretics (water pills). This element is found primarily inside the cells. Helps regulate energy production in the cells. Chloride levels higher or lower than normal can be associated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and adrenal gland. In general, the serum level of chloride is closely associated with the level of sodium. Abnormal blood calcium levels are associated with bone diseases and a variety of other conditions.Ĭhloride helps maintain the normal amount of water and the acid-base balance in body fluids. In addition, calcium is involved in maintaining the stability of nerve cells. A mineral necessary for many important bodily functions, including bone formation, muscle contraction, and blood clotting.
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